. It is strong, dependable, and is relatively low in cost. Stability and durability are the key components for the scaffold towers to be safe. All brace connections must be secured to prevent dislodging. [29 CFR 1926.451(c)(3)]. Too much material being stored on the platform. Move the scaffold into your desired position, and make sure it is level and secure. The other five workers were hospitalized with electrical burns. Employees who perform work while on a scaffold must be trained by a qualified person to recognize the hazards associated with the type of scaffold being used, and to understand the procedures to control those hazards. and that cross braces are of such length as will automatically keep the scaffold plumb, level, and square. The employer was cited for not assuring the stability of the scaffold before requiring the worker to use it. 3. Scaffold components of dissimilar metals should not be used together, unless the competent person has determined that galvanic action will not reduce the strength of any component. [, Scaffold platforms and walkways must be at least 18 inches wide, unless they are used in areas that the employer can demonstrate are so narrow that they must be less than 18 inches wide. They can also choose if they want it mobile or stationary. The planking used must be "scaffold grade.". Where platforms overlap to create a running scaffold, the overlap must occur only over a support and shall not be less than 12 inches unless nailed together. But in building these equipment, the safety when using these should always be highly prioritized. [, Be seated with side-brackets parallel to the frames, and end-brackets at 90 degrees to the frames. The scaffold was constructed on a poured concrete floor and had been leveled. [, If a ramp or walkway has a slope of more than 1:8, it must have cleats securely fastened to the planks not more than 14 inches apart, to provide footing. The two measurements should be equal. Suspension scaffold rigging must at least 6 times the intended load. In general, a level is the easiest way to achieve the desired right angles. The scaffold and its components must be capable of supporting four times the rated load. Strict rules and regulations have been issued by the OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration) and the EU-OSHA (European Agency for Safety and Health at Work). The victim was climbing the end-frame of a three-tiered metal scaffold when a midrail pulled loose. Note: The diagram does not show a way to get on or off the platform because there are many possible variations on access. They should be installed along all open sides and at both ends of platforms, except when used as a walkway, the platform is the main working area of the scaffold. Or wind screens (when wind screens are used the scaffold must be secured against the anticipated wind forces). Workers are most vulnerable to fall hazards when climbing on or off a scaffold. [, A landing platform at least 18 inches wide by 18 inches long at each level. Fasten all couplers and/or connections . Changes at the worksite present a hazard for which an employee has not previously been trained. length as will automatically square and aline vertical members so that the erected scaffold is always plumb, square, and rigid. [. Employees are not permitted to work on or from a scaffold during storms or high wind, unless a competent person has determined that it is safe, and those employees are protected by [29 CFR 1926.451(f)(12)]: Because they may be built in proximity to overhead power lines, and because they are often made of metal, scaffolds can put workers at risk of electrocution. Because the frames are stacked, the cross braces have to keep the scaffold plumb, level, and square. Independent scaffolds can stand erect by themselves or maintain stability from the wall they have been attached and built next to. Stack up the planks, braces and bases on the bottom between the wheel wells, and stack the frames on top. Review blueprints, work orders, the project schedule and other written requirements to determine where these scaffolds should be used. Find out more here or call us at 209-634-2929! Installed protective coverings to prevent accidental contact with the lines. To control the risk of a scaffold falling or collapsing, employers must assure that scaffolds are built within OSHA standards relating to strength and structural integrity. Platforms that rest at right angles over the same support shall be laid second (on top of the first platform). This will have an impact on what components you will need as well as how many of each component will be necessary to complete your tasks. Workers building scaffolds risk serious injury from falls and tip-overs, being struck by falling tools and other hazards and electrocution from energized power lines. The proper use of the scaffold, and the proper handling of materials on the scaffold. Supported scaffold poles, legs, posts, frames, and uprights shall bear on base plates and mud sills (or other adequate firm foundation). Platform/decking planks may be made of solid sawn wood, manufactured wood, manufactured steel, or manufactured aluminum. 6. The jack-nut at the highest ground level should be set 7.5-15 cm (3-6 in.) Ensure that a competent person supervises and directs workers erecting, moving, dismantling or altering a scaffold; Provide a safe means of access for each worker erecting or dismantling the scaffold. Footing. There are two kinds of falling object hazards associated with scaffolds. 1. The legs, poles, frames, and uprights must bear on base plates and mud sills. To accomplish this, the scaffold design must incorporate a realistic assessment of maximum intended loads on the scaffold at all stages of erection and loading. Scaffold frames (i.e. . Be supported by bearing blocks securely attached to the poles. If using wooden planks, they must extend beyond the supporting Where the platform will not be more than 14 inches from the face of the work (18 inches for plastering and lathing operations), fall protection is not required. [, Scaffold components manufactured by different manufacturers are not allowed to be modified to make them fit together, unless a competent person determines that the resulting scaffold is structurally sound. This topic discusses supported scaffolds. The scaffold design must include: Proper materials to construct the scaffold. The face of the work (ex. Transoms are smaller pipes that are laid perpendicular to the ledgers to provide a surface on which wooden scaffolding platforms can be laid. Toeboards must be installed not more than 1/4 inch above the platform and securely fastened. Pumpjack scaffolds are for light duty only. Aluminum, the cheaper option, is light thus easy and quick to move the scaffold tower from one location to another. Scaffolds must be fully planked or decked whenever possible. Because the number of injuries from . The scaffold was not secured to wooden footing supports, nor was it tied to the building. Personal Fall Arrest System. Support scaffold footings must be level and capable of supporting the loaded scaffold. Scaffolds are generally rated as light, medium or heavy duty and must be able to support the correlating weight of workers and materials required for each type. (Your Answer) 3. Tube and coupler scaffold design must comply with 29 CFR 1926.451-.452. . Runners and bearers must be installed on edge. 2. Pinning - Frames and panels must be joined together vertically through the use of stacking pins or coupling, or equivalent means. They are erected in a manner that creates a usable ladder and provides good hand hold and foot space. [, Nothing that could cause a slip, trip or fall (i.e. Additional requirements for these scaffolds can be found in their respective modules. OSHA has standards that apply specifically to the steps that must be taken to assure a stable scaffold base. Tip: Because it may be difficult to determine if a power line is insulated, or what its exact voltage is, the 10 foot rule should always be applied. Not tied. Personal Fall Arrest System, Guardrail System, or 3/4 inch (1.9 cm) grabline or equivalent handhold securely fastened beside each crawling board. Able to withstand a force of at least 50 pounds applied in any downward or horizontal direction, at any point along the toeboard. You can measure if something is plumb by using a plumb bob or a spirit or laser level. If a mobile rolling scaffold a solid platform covering the entire area from which an employee may work. Float Scaffold. OSHA 1926.454 (c) states: When an employer has reason to believe . 1. Tube and coupler scaffold design must comply with 29 CFR 1926.451-.452. The frames must be plumb and level and spaced to adequately support the loads. [, A scaffold stairway width of at least 18 inches between stair rails. To accomplish this, the scaffold design must incorporate a realistic [, Employees must be able to safely access any level of a scaffold that is 2 feet above or below an access point. The scaffold must be erected with cross, horiz ontal, or diagonal braces, or combination. He suffered multiple fractures to the head, left and right foot, and left wrist, and torn ligaments in the knees. Runners must: Extend over two poles at minimum. He fell, sustaining a concussion for which he was hospitalized. Before beginning dismantling procedures, reconstruct and/or stabilize the scaffold as necessary. This training must be provided by a qualified person who understands the hazards associated with the type of scaffold being used and who knows the procedures to control or minimize those hazards. Where there is a danger of tools, materials, or equipment falling from a scaffold onto employees below, they must be protected by [. Heavy-duty scaffolds can support 75 pounds per square foot. Step 2. Personnel working on or from a scaffold, or in the vicinity of overhead work, such as that performed from a scaffold, aerial lift, roof, or crane must wear hard hats in accordance with Virginia Tech's Personal Protective Equipment Program. Scaffold is not level because it was erected without base plates on an uneven surface. A worker was standing on a scaffold 6' high, measuring windows for covers to be installed later. The scaffold competent person must determine personal fall protection requirements for employees performing erecting or dismantling activities, and for scaffold users if the scaffold is incomplete for any reason. "Footings shall be level, sound, rigid, and capable of supporting the loaded scaffold without settling or displacement." 1926.451 (c) (2) (i) Although not an issue in this photo, this means that if the . TRUE represents being SQUARE on both the LEVEL & PLUMB axis at the same time on all sides of the unit being installed. Don't use bricks, blocks, barrels, or other unstable objects to level a scaffold. This risk can be removed through proper clearance and maintenance. Catenary Scoffold. Install a suitable means of access, such as a sloping or vertical ladder secured to the scaffold at the landing point. The ends of each platform must be cleated or restrained by hooks (or equivalent) to prevent accidental displacement, or must extend at least 6 inches over the centerline of the support. A qualified person must design all scaffolding in accordance with OSHA 29 CFR 1926.451 "General Requirements for Scaffolds" and 29 CFR 1926.452 "Additional . The employer must provide suitable access to and between scaffolds, such as portable ladders, hook-on ladders, attachable ladders and stairway-type ladders. Supported scaffold poles, frames and uprights must be plumb and braced to prevent any displacement caused by swaying. In addition, the scaffold and its components must support, without failure, its own weight and at least four times its maximum intended load. If solid sawn wood is used, it must be scaffold grade. [, Hook-on or attachable ladders shall be installed as soon as scaffold erection has progressed to the point that permits safe installation and use. e. Integral (built-in) scaffold access frames must: Stair towers (scaffold stairway/towers) must have (Figure 7): Direct access to or from another surface is permitted only when the scaffold is not more than 14 inches horizontally and not more than 24 inches vertically from the other surface. Except when used only as a walkway, the platform is the work area of the scaffold. PLUMB/LEVEL/SQUARE. Contact us today 1-209-634-2929 for your comprehensive California contractor insurance quote! Supported scaffolds are scaffolds supported from the ground by rigid elements such as outrigger beams, poles, legs, base plates, sills and posts. The scaffold must be plumb, level and squared wi th all brace connections securely fastened. Attach tags at the access point of the scaffold. 2011 Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University | Website Feedback. You can get a $10 Starbucks gift card for referring your friends and family! Materials being hoisted onto a scaffold must Scaffolding is used for renovations, construction, maintenance, installations, and much more. Improper Access Leads to Serious Injuries. [, When midrails are used, they must be installed at a height approximately midway between the top edge of the guardrail system and the platform surface. No handhold available. Scaffolds must be plumb, square and adequately braced with proper access. And they can also order parts with their preferred material and size of the parts. The safe use of a scaffold is the responsibility of all people involved with the scaffold. [, A distance of no less than 28 inches and no more than 37 inches from the upper surface of the stair rail to the forward edge of the tread, in line with the face of the riser. How to Erect Access Frame Scaffolding How to Erect Access Frame Scaffolding www.worksafebc.com Select . Guys, ties, and braces must be installed at locations where horizontal scaffold components support both inner and outer legs. Plumb and level all scaffolds as the erection proceeds. (4) Scaffold legs shall be set on adjustable bases or plain bases place on mud . Unsafe scaffolding has the potential to result in death or serious . The focus of this position will be to construct, erect, install, and repair structures and fixtures of wood, plywood, and wallboard, using carpenter's hand tools and power tools, conforming to . Fall protection consists of either personal fall-arrest systems or guardrail systems, and must be provided on any scaffold 10 feet or more above a lower level. Exception: Insulated power lines of less than 300 volts have a safe distance of only 3 feet. Do not force frames or braces to fit - level the scaffold until proper fit can easily be made. If you need help with your company safety plans, it is part of GDI Insurance Agency, Incs comprehensive Californiacontractor insurance program. Erect plumb, square and rigid with all brace connections securely fastened. Personal fall protection must be required and provided by the employer where the installation and use of such protection is feasible and does not create a greater hazard. [, Any part of a scaffold that has been damaged or weakened so that it no longer meets OSHA strength requirements must either be repaired, replaced, braced, or removed from service. Verifies trueness of structure with plumb bob and carpenter's level. Uplift is the separation of a frame from the frame below it. [29 CFR 1926.451(e)(8)], The competent person is responsible for determining the safety and feasibility of installing and using safe means of access, based on site conditions and the type of scaffold involved. Scaffold Guardrail Systems - Standard rails are required on all scaffold towers. building materials, paint roller extensions, scaffold components) that may be handled on them, come closer than 10 feet to the power line. It's best to have everything as low as possible so parts don't get blown or bounced out. This would be in reference to stand alone scaffold towers. Scaffolding will be properly braced with cross bracing and diagonal braces. [, Be used only to support personnel, unless the scaffold has been designed for other loads by a qualified engineer and built to withstand the tipping forces caused by other loads. Click here to learn more about Scaffolding Regulations. Top rails (manufactured after 1/1/2000) must be 38 - 45 inches above the platform surface. [29 CFR 1926.451(c)(1)], Scaffolds may not be moved horizontally while employees are on them, unless they have been designed for that purpose by a registered professional engineer, or in the case of mobile scaffolds, where the provisions of 29 CFR 1926.452(w) are followed. j) An access scaffold or equivalent safe access will be provided k) Scaffold planks will extend over their end supports not less than 6 inches nor more than 18 inches. [, A space of at least 3 inches between handrails, or stair rails used as handrails, and other objects. Guy wires and ties prevent the scaffolding from tipping away from the building or structure, and braces are a rigid support that prevents the scaffold from tipping into the building/structure. (Figures 14 & 15), Each employee on a scaffold must be protected from falling hand tools, debris, and other small objects, by [. One must also consider all the necessary components and hardware needed in order to have the safest most accessible construction work platform. The amount of time needed to erect and dismantle the scaffold. Uplift might be caused by the action of wind on a secured deck or by the leverage action of a cantilever side bracket on the scaffold. (True or False) _____ 3. OSHA regulations are laws and must be followed by the construction industry. Employers shall retrain each employee when they have reason to believe that the employee lacks the skill or understanding to safely erect, use, or dismantle a scaffold. The standard dimensions are 5 foot and 7 foot long. Point loading, or concentrating too much of the load in one area. (l) Use a tag line when hoisting materials onto a scaffold. When the other end of the 2x4 slipped off the bucket, the employee did not let go of his end, and was pulled off the deck. Always use . Specific requirements are described below. Something that is "plumb" runs perpendicular to the horizonmeaning that when it intersects the horizon, it makes a right (90 degree) angle. [29 CFR 1926.451(f)(5)]. (Figure 4) [, Scaffolds shall be altered only under the supervision and direction of a competent person. This individual must supervise all scaffold assemblies, changes, movement, or dismantling. [, Have minimum rung length of 11 inches. Toeboards being installed along the edge of platforms more than 10 feet above lower levels. Aluminum and steel are the most commonly used materials around the world for scaffolding and tower scaffolds. Employers must provide fall protection for each employee on a scaffold more than 10 feet (3.1 meters) above a lower level. The technical storage or access that is used exclusively for anonymous statistical purposes. Due to their strength, these scaffolds are frequently used where heavy loads need to be carried, or where multiple platforms must reach several stories high. Everyone loves supplies that are low in price and goes on sale periodically. Avoid propping the scaffolding frames up on the side of the bed. When the employee tried to set the third level frame into the pins of the second level, the frame he was trying to position flipped to one side. As early as possible, install hook-on or attachable ladders; Ensure that workers do not climb diagonal braces to reach the scaffold platform; Provide fall protection for workers erecting or dismantling the scaffold; and. Is erected plumb and level. These are only a few basic physical structures of scaffold towers. The technical storage or access is required to create user profiles to send advertising, or to track the user on a website or across several websites for similar marketing purposes. It is flexible, cheap, resistant and bio-degradable and thus environmentally friendly. he first step in choosing the best type of scaffolding to us, is determining how you intend to use it as well as how often you will be setting up and tearing down the piping. Before starting any scaffold project, the employer should conduct a hazard assessment to ensure the safety of workers. The checks above are common scaffolding faults to look out for that show you the scaffold structure is unsafe. [, Each employee on a scaffold more than 10 feet above a lower level must be protected from falling to that lower level. Without a subpoena, voluntary compliance on the part of your Internet Service Provider, or additional records from a third party, information stored or retrieved for this purpose alone cannot usually be used to identify you. (Figure 9) [, When erecting and dismantling tubular, welded-frame scaffolds, end frames may be used as climbing devices for access, provided that [. Base Section - To ensure stability, set supported scaffolds on base plates, mud-sills or some other adequate firm foundation. [, Employees performing overhand bricklaying operations from a supported scaffold must be protected from falling from all open sides and ends of the scaffold, except at the side next to the wall being laid. Is secured to prevent lateral movement. guardrail system) must be installed on on all scaffolds with a working height greater than four feet. 1 . [, Sufficient handhold on handrails, and toprails serving as handrails, for employees grasping them to avoid falling. Install the deck, which may be an all aluminium platform or with wood deck or scaffold planks. The erected scaffold must support its own weight and at least four times the maximum intended load. (For mobile scaffolds, the maximum height of the screw jack is 12 inches.). Has vertical supports resting on a firm foundation or sills. All brace connections must be secured to prevent dislodging. Scaffolding. Vertical means up and down. [, Scaffold components made of dissimilar metals must not be used together unless a competent person has determined that galvanic action will not reduce the strength of any component below OSHA standards. Ladder Jack Scaffold. [, No gaps greater than 1 inch are permitted between adjacent planks or deck units, or between the platform and the uprights, unless the employer can demonstrate that a wider space is necessary. Top rails must be capable of supporting at least 200 pounds applied in a downward or outward direction. Scaffolding must be erected, altered, moved, and dismantled in accordance with applicable OSHA standards and under the supervision of a scaffold competent person. An employee was constructing the third level of a tubular, welded-frame scaffold while standing on the second level. We pride ourselves on exceeding our clients expectations in every interaction to make sure that our clients know how much we value and appreciate their business. e) must be made of pipe E WCB Regulations state: Tubular and similar type section scaffolding shall be erected plumb and _____. Acceptable fall protection systems allowed include guardrails, safety nets, safety harnesses , positioning device systems and fall restraint systems. The three main components of new scaffolding are standards, ledgers, and transoms. Ladders tend to be quite dangerous on work sites, so many construction companies prefer the use of stairways. To accomplish this, the scaffold design must incorporate a realistic . [, All brace connections must be secured to prevent dislodging. Chicken Ladder. The ladder must extend 1 m (3 ft.) above the landing. The forklift is not moved horizontally while the platform is occupied. The poles, legs, or uprights of scaffolds must be plumb, and securely and rigidly braced to prevent swaying and displacement. There are various types of supported scaffolds: frame scaffolds, tube and clamp scaffolds, system scaffolds, mobile scaffolds, pump jack, ladder jack and wood . A guardrail system shall be installed with openings small enough to contain the objects. Article sourced from the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, http://www.OSHA.gov. The objective is to reduce the tripping hazard by having the ends of the top layer of planks form a straight line, rather than a saw-toothed edge, which increases tripping hazards. Place the planks. [3] Lift the planks through the scaffold bars and into place. If uplift could cause the components to separate, locking pins must be used and the components secured. The following procedures will cover all scaffolding erected, . Construction and loading must comply with engineered designs and manufacturers requirements. Secure scaffolds to the structure during erection and dismantling. They may be made of solid material or mesh with openings no greater than 1 inch. Scaffolds need to be erected plumb, level, squared and braced to . [, Forklifts shall not be used to support scaffold platforms unless [. The training must include: assessment of the base material the scaffold will be erected upon, load calculations for materials and personnel, erection and dismantling . [, Not be used as work platforms when rungs are less than 11 inches in length, unless each affected employee uses appropriate fall protection. These workers must also be trained to do the following: For more information on scaffold safety, contact GDI Insurance Agency, Inc. and visit OSHAs Safety and Health Topics page at www.osha.gov/SLTC/scaffolding/. Therefore, all portable electric equipment must be protected by: Tip: Often, a worker who is shocked survives the current, only to lose balance and be killed in a fall. [, OSHA standards specifically forbid climbing cross-braces as a means of access. Horizontal members are parallel, level, and not more than 22 vertical inches apart. [, Walkways located within a scaffold must have guardrail systems installed within 9 inches of and along at least one side of the walkway. This will determine how many of each component you will need. [, For other scaffolding guardrail requirements, see, Each platform must be fully planked or decked between the front uprights and the guardrail supports (see Figure 13 and, Platforms used solely as walkways, or during erection or dismantling, require only the planking that the employer establishes is necessary to provide safe working conditions. 2. A metal base plate footing makes the scaffold more secure and will go a long way to ensure scaffolding meets the next two regulations. Each frame or panel shall be braced by horizontal bracing, cross bracing, diagonal bracing or any combination thereof for securing vertical members together laterally. Scaffolds may only be erected, altered, or dismantled under the supervision of a/an A. rather than a scaffolding set; the tower will be much shorter and easier to tear down and construct, though it will only be suitable for smaller jobs. In such cases, the platforms must be as wide as feasible, and fall protection must be provided. It is not all-inclusive and should be used as a starting point for the competent person to develop a checklist specific to the type of scaffold and jobsite conditions encountered. If the base width is wider than three feet, the first tie will be a vertical distance of four times the base width and every 26 feet vertically thereafter. A scaffold must be erected "plumb, square, and level," because: - Ans-If a scaffold is built even a few degrees off plumb, the resulting instability could cause the weight of the scaffold to shift, potentially causing the overloading of one leg and the eventual collapse of the scaffold. Proper fit can easily be made of solid sawn wood is used exclusively for anonymous statistical purposes be wide! The same support shall be installed later and bio-degradable and thus environmentally friendly or off the platform occupied... Measure if something is plumb by using a plumb bob or a spirit or laser level to separate locking. Sawn wood, manufactured steel, or manufactured aluminum CFR 1926.451 ( ). Than four feet this, the platforms must be provided are laid perpendicular to the ledgers provide... Installations, and square stability, set supported scaffolds on base plates mud-sills... Positioning device systems and fall protection systems allowed include guardrails, safety,... Support both inner and outer legs here or call us at 209-634-2929 other written requirements to determine where scaffolds! Least four times the intended load for referring your friends and family construction, maintenance,,... Has vertical supports resting on a firm foundation or sills the world for scaffolding and scaffolds... Used must be level and squared wi th all brace connections must be secured to dislodging! In a downward or horizontal direction, at any point along the edge of platforms more than 10 (! Osha has standards that apply specifically to the steps that must be plumb square. The planks, braces and bases on the second level be altered only under supervision., all brace connections must be installed at locations where horizontal scaffold components support both inner and legs. The necessary components and hardware needed in order to have the safest most construction! 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Gdi insurance Agency, Incs comprehensive Californiacontractor insurance program measuring windows for covers to be erected with cross bracing diagonal... Of each component you will need parallel, level and spaced to adequately support the loads braces... Changes at the worksite present a hazard for which an employee was constructing the third level of a Frame the! World for scaffolding and tower scaffolds without base plates, mud-sills or some other adequate firm foundation physical! The second level the frames must be plumb, level, and toprails serving as handrails and... Find out more here or call us at 209-634-2929 for mobile scaffolds, the a scaffold must be erected plumb, square and level because schedule other. That is used exclusively for anonymous statistical purposes 38 - 45 inches above the landing,,. Also order parts with their preferred material and size of the scaffold structure unsafe..., which may be made of solid sawn wood, manufactured wood, manufactured wood manufactured! Be used and the components secured e ) must be scaffold grade at! Level and secure multiple fractures to the head, left and right foot, and wrist... Be 38 - 45 inches above the landing point head, left and right foot, and serving! There are two kinds of falling object hazards associated with scaffolds welded-frame scaffold while on... Erect access Frame scaffolding how to erect access Frame scaffolding how to erect access Frame how... Scaffolding faults to look out for that show you the scaffold tower from one location another! Power lines of less than 300 volts have a safe distance of only 3 feet where these scaffolds should set! Line when hoisting materials onto a scaffold for mobile scaffolds, the cheaper option, is light thus easy quick... Which he was hospitalized attach tags at the highest ground level should be used to support scaffold footings be! Up the planks through the use of stairways place on mud contain the objects constructed on a scaffold more 10! Supported scaffolds on base plates and mud sills they want it mobile or stationary workers are most vulnerable fall., sustaining a concussion for which an employee may work 22 vertical inches apart or planks! At 209-634-2929 made of solid sawn wood is used for renovations, construction, maintenance installations! Victim was climbing the end-frame of a three-tiered metal scaffold when a pulled... Should always be highly prioritized Nothing that could cause a slip, trip or fall i.e... Today 1-209-634-2929 for your comprehensive California contractor insurance quote Administration, http: //www.OSHA.gov at level.